By Islam Salah
On December 23, 2024, Egypt’s Senate approved the much-debated Medical Responsibility and Patient Protection draft law. Aimed at enhancing trust between patients and healthcare providers, the law strives to define the boundaries of accountability in medical practice while safeguarding both parties’ rights.
However, the legislation has sparked considerable discussion within Egypt’s medical community, highlighting divisions over its potential impact on healthcare delivery.
What the Law Proposes
- Clear Definitions: Medical errors are defined as actions or omissions that deviate from established scientific principles or professional standards. Known medical complications, which occur despite proper care, are explicitly excluded from liability as well as issues caused by patients failing to follow medical advice.
- Dual Complaint Mechanism: Affected patients can either file complaints with the Supreme Committee for Medical Responsibility or proceed directly to court, offering flexibility in seeking compensation.
- Safeguards for Physicians: Doctors adhering to established scientific practices are shielded from accountability for outcomes beyond their control. The law also ensures occupational hazard insurance for healthcare workers.
- Penalties: Doctors found guilty of causing a patient’s death through medical error could face a minimum of six months in prison, fines of up to EGP 100,000, or both. In cases of gross negligence or aggravating circumstances, penalties increase to up to 10 years in prison and fines of EGP 500,000.
Supporters argue that the law balances the rights of all stakeholders while improving the quality of healthcare services.
Concerns From the Medical Community
Despite its proposed benefits, the Egyptian Medical Syndicate has voiced strong objections to the law. A primary concern is the potential for misinterpreting medical complications as errors, which could unfairly penalize doctors.
The syndicate also opposes the inclusion of prison sentences for medical errors, arguing that this may push practitioners towards “defensive medicine.”
Defensive medicine—a practice where doctors avoid high-risk cases to minimize liability—could reduce the availability of treatment for complex conditions, potentially harming patients in the long run.
The syndicate has called for an emergency general assembly on January 3, 2025, to discuss collective action against the legislation.
Balancing Act: Protecting Patients and Physicians
The law also introduces provisions to ensure fairness in investigations. The Supreme Committee for Medical Responsibility will oversee complaints, adopting neutral and professional procedures. These mechanisms aim to protect patients’ rights while preventing unwarranted accusations against healthcare workers.
Minister Abdel-Ghaffar defended the law by highlighting that it draws on international best practices and underwent extensive consultation with legal experts and professional associations. He emphasized that achieving a perfect balance is challenging but necessary to modernize Egypt’s healthcare framework.
The Future of Healthcare
With Senate approval, the draft law moves to the House of Representatives, where it will face further scrutiny. Whether it is passed, amended, or rejected remains to be seen. In the meantime, the debate continues to unfold, reflecting broader tensions between ensuring accountability in healthcare and protecting medical professionals from undue risk.
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